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Oskaloosa is a city in and the county seat of Mahaska County, Iowa, United States.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-06-07 )〕 The population was 11,463 in the 2010 census, an increase from 10,938 in the 2000 census.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Population & Housing Occupancy Status 2010 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Data from the 2010 Census )〕 ==History== Oskaloosa derives its name from Ouscaloosa who according to town lore was a Creek princess who married Seminole chief Osceola. It means "last of the beautiful." (This interpretation of "last of the beautiful" is not correct. "Oskaloosa" in the Mvskoke-Creek language means "black rain" from the Mvskoke words "oske" (rain) and "lvste" (black). "loosa" is an English corruption of the Mvskoke word "lvste". See for example the Wikipedia entry for Tuskaloosa, eponym of the town of Tuscaloosa, Alabama. In addition the Mvskoke word "Ouscaloosa" means "Black Water").〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Oskaloosa History )〕 The first white settlers arrived in 1835 led by Nathan Boone, youngest son of Daniel Boone who acting on instructions from Stephen W. Kearny selected it to be the first site of Fort Des Moines on a high ridge between what Skunk River and Des Moines River. The ridge was originally called the Narrows. The town was formally platted in 1844 when William Canfield who had a trading post on the Des Moines River moved it to Oskaloosa. It became the county seat in the same year.〔 On January 6, 1882, most of the buildings in the north half of Oskaloosa were severely damaged and most of the plate glass windows in the area were broken by an explosion. Three boys were killed in the explosion. The boys had been seen shooting at the A. L. Spencer gunpowder magazine half a mile north of the town center.〔(The Explosion at Oskaloosa ), New York Times, January 7, 1882.〕 In the 1880s, over a million tons of bituminous coal was mined in the area from 38 mines. The first mine in the area was opened shortly after 1853 by Robert Seevers, who in 1853 drove a drift into a 4-foot coalbed in an exposed creek bank east of town.〔(Iowa Geologic Survey Annual Report for 1908 ), 1909, Des Moines, page 556.〕 Initially, coal was mined entirely for local consumption, but with the arrival of the railroads, coal from the region was shipped widely. By 1887, the report of the state mine inspector listed 11 coal mines in and around Oskaloosa.〔(Third Biennial Report of the State Mine Inspectors to the Governor of Iowa for the years 1886 and 1887 ), Roberts, Des Moines, 1888, page 87〕 The coal output of Mahaska County surpassed that of all other Iowa counties by 1895, by which time, the output had reached over a million tons per year.〔(Seventh Biennial Report of the State Mine Inspectors to the Governor of the State of Iowa for the two years ending June 30, 1895 ), Conaway, Des Moines, 1895, page 50.〕 In 1911, coal mining was reported to be the primary industry in the region.〔(Oskaloosa ) in the Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1911 edition.〕 In 1914, the Carbon Block Coal Company of Centerville produced over 100,000 tons of coal, ranking among the top 24 coal producers in the state.〔Frederick E. Saward, (The Coal Trade, 1915 ), page 65.〕 There were several major coal-mining camps in the Oskaloosa area. Muchakinock was about 5 miles south of town, on the banks of the Muchakinock Creek. Lost Creek was a mining camp about 8 miles southeast of town. On January 24, 1902, there was a mine explosion in the Lost Creek No. 2 mine. This was one of only two major mine disasters in Iowa between 1888 and 1913. A miner setting shots to blast coal from the coal face re-used a hole left over from a previous failed shot, and the result was a coal dust explosion that detonated barrels of gunpowder stored in the mine. 20 men died on the site and 14 more were badly injured. The explosion sparked a statewide miner's strike, and as a result, the following April, a law was passed regulating blasting in coal mines.〔Albert H. Fay, (Coal-Mine Fatalities in the United States 1870–1914 ), Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Washington DC, 1916, page 190.〕〔Paul Garvin, (Iowa's Minerals ), Burr Oak Books, 1998, pages 198–199.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Oskaloosa, Iowa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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